Organizations

AWS Organizations Service Control Policies – SCPs

~ Last updated on : ~ jayendrapatil ~ 2 Comments

AWS Organizations Service Control Policies

  • AWS Organizations Service control policies – SCPs offer central control over the maximum available permissions for all of the accounts in the organization, ensuring member accounts stay within the organization’s access control guidelines.
  • are one type of policy that help manage the organization.
  • are available only in an organization that has all features enabled, and aren’t available if the organization has enabled only the consolidated billing features.
  • are NOT sufficient for granting access to the accounts in the organization.
  • defines a guardrail for what actions accounts within the organization root or OU can do, but IAM policies need to be attached to the users and roles in the organization’s accounts to grant permissions to them.
  • Effective permissions are the logical intersection between what is allowed by the SCP and what is allowed by the IAM and resource-based policies.
  • with an SCP attached to member accounts, identity-based and resource-based policies grant permissions to entities only if those policies and the SCP allow the action.
  • don’t affect users or roles in the management account. They affect only the member accounts in your organization.

SCPs Effects on Permissions

  • never grant permissions but define the maximum permissions for the affected accounts.
  • Users and roles must still be granted permissions with appropriate IAM permission policies. A user without any IAM permission policies has no access at all, even if the applicable SCPs allow all services and all actions.
  • limits permissions for entities in member accounts, including each AWS account root user.
  • does not limit actions performed by the master or management account.
  • does not affect any service-linked role. Service-linked roles enable other AWS services to integrate with AWS Organizations and can’t be restricted by SCPs.
  • affect only IAM users or roles that are managed by accounts that are part of the organization. They don’t affect users or roles from accounts outside the organization.
  • don’t affect resource-based policies directly.

SCPs Strategies

  • By default, an SCP named FullAWSAccess is attached to every root, OU, and account, which allows all actions and all services.
  • Blacklist or Deny Strategy
    • actions are allowed by default and services and actions to be prohibited need to be specified.
    • blacklist permissions using deny statements can be assigned in combination with the default FullAWSAccess SCP.
    • using deny statements in SCPs require less maintenance because they don’t need to be updated when AWS adds new services.
    • deny statements usually use less space, thus making it easier to stay within SCP size limits.
  • Whitelist or Allow Strategy
    • actions are prohibited by default, and you specify what services and actions are allowed.
    • whitelist permissions can be assigned, by removing the default FullAWSAccess SCP.
    • allows SCP that explicitly permits only those allowed services and actions

SCPs Testing Effects

  • don’t attach SCPs to the root of the organization without thoroughly testing the impact that the policy has on accounts.
  • Create an OU that the accounts can be moved into one at a time, or at least in small numbers, to ensure that users are not inadvertently locked out of key services.

AWS Certification Exam Practice Questions

  • Questions are collected from Internet and the answers are marked as per my knowledge and understanding (which might differ with yours).
  • AWS services are updated everyday and both the answers and questions might be outdated soon, so research accordingly.
  • AWS exam questions are not updated to keep up the pace with AWS updates, so even if the underlying feature has changed the question might not be updated
  • Open to further feedback, discussion and correction.
  1. Your company is planning on setting up multiple accounts in AWS. The IT Security department has a requirement to ensure that certain services and actions are not allowed across all accounts. How would the system admin achieve this in the most EFFECTIVE way possible?
    1. Create a common IAM policy that can be applied across all accounts
    2. Create an IAM policy per account and apply them accordingly​
    3. Deny the services to be used across accounts by contacting AWS​ support
    4. Use AWS Organizations and Service Control Policies
  2. You are in the process of implementing AWS Organizations for your company. At your previous company, you saw an Organizations implementation go bad when an SCP (Service Control Policy) was applied at the root of the organization before being thoroughly tested. In what way can an SCP be properly tested and implemented?
    1. Back up your entire Organization to S3 and restore rollback and restore if something goes wrong
    2. The SCP must be verified with AWS before it is implemented to avoid any problems.
    3. Mirror your Organizational Unit in another region. Apply the SCP and test it. Once testing is complete, attach the SCP to the root of your organization.
    4. Create an Organizational Unit (OU). Attach the SCP to this new OU. Move your accounts in one at a time to ensure that you don’t inadvertently lock users out of key services.

AWS Organizations

AWS Organizations
~ Last updated on : ~ jayendrapatil ~ 3 Comments

AWS Organizations

  • AWS Organizations is an account management service that enables consolidating multiple AWS accounts into an organization that can be created and centrally managed.
  • AWS Organizations include consolidated billing and account management capabilities that enable one to better meet the budgetary, security, and compliance needs of the business.
  • As an administrator of an organization, new accounts can be created in an organization, and existing accounts invited to join the organization.
  • AWS Organizations enables you to
    • Automate AWS account creation and management, and provision resources with AWS CloudFormation Stacksets.
    • Maintain a secure environment with policies and management of AWS security services
    • Govern access to AWS services, resources, and regions
    • Centrally manage policies across multiple AWS accounts
    • Audit the environment for compliance 
    • View and manage costs with consolidated billing 
    • Configure AWS services across multiple accounts 
AWS Organizations

AWS Organization Features

  • Centralized management of all of the AWS accounts
    • Combine existing accounts into or create new ones within an organization that enables them to be managed centrally
    • Policies can be attached to accounts that affect some or all of the accounts
  • Consolidated billing for all member accounts
    • Consolidated billing is a feature of AWS Organizations.
    • Master or Management account of the organization can be used to consolidate and pay for all member accounts.
  • Hierarchical grouping of accounts to meet budgetary, security, or compliance needs
    • Accounts can be grouped into organizational units (OUs) and each OU can be attached to different access policies.
    • OUs can also be nested to a depth of five levels, providing flexibility in how you structure your account groups.
  • Control over AWS services and API actions that each account can access
    • As an administrator of the master account of an organization, access to users and roles in each member account can be restricted to which AWS services and individual API actions
  • Organization permissions overrule account permissions.
    • This restriction even overrides the administrators of member accounts in the organization.
    • When AWS Organizations blocks access to a service or API action for a member account, a user or role in that account can’t access any prohibited service or API action, even if an administrator of a member account explicitly grants such permissions in an IAM policy.
  • Integration and support for AWS IAM
    • IAM provides granular control over users and roles in individual accounts.
    • Organizations expand that control to the account level by giving control over what users and roles in an account or a group of accounts can do.
    • Users can access only what is allowed by both the Organization policies and IAM policies.
    • Resulting permissions are the logical intersection of what is allowed by AWS Organizations at the account level, and what permissions are explicitly granted by IAM at the user or role level within that account.
    • If either blocks an operation, the user can’t access that operation.
  • Integration with other AWS services
    • Select AWS services can be enabled to access accounts in the organization and perform actions on the resources in the accounts.
    • When another service is configured and authorized to access the organization, AWS Organizations creates an IAM service-linked role for that service in each member account.
    • Service-linked role has predefined IAM permissions that allow the other AWS service to perform specific tasks in the organization and its accounts.
    • All accounts in an organization automatically have a service-linked role created, which enables the AWS Organizations service to create the service-linked roles required by AWS services for which you enable trusted access
    • These additional service-linked roles come with policies that enable the specified service to perform only those required tasks
  • Data replication that is eventually consistent
    • AWS Organizations is eventually consistent.
    • AWS Organizations achieve high availability by replicating data across multiple servers in AWS data centers within its region.
    • If a request to change some data is successful, the change is committed and safely stored.
    • However, the change must then be replicated across multiple servers.

AWS Organizations Terminology and Concepts

AWS Organizations Terminology and Concepts

Organization

  • An entity created to consolidate AWS accounts that can be administered as a single unit.
  • An organization has one master/management account along with zero or more member accounts.
  • An organization has the functionality that is determined by the feature set that you enable i.e. All features or Consolidated Billing only

Root

  • Parent container for all the accounts for the organization.
  • Policy applied to the root is applied to all the organizational units (OUs) and accounts in the organization.
  • There can be only one root currently and AWS Organization automatically creates it when an organization is created

Organizational Unit (OU)

  • A container for accounts within a root.
  • An OU also can contain other OUs, enabling hierarchy creation that resembles an upside-down tree, with a root at the top and branches of OUs that reach down, ending in accounts that are the leaves of the tree.
  • A policy attached to one of the nodes in the hierarchy flows down and affects all branches (OUs) and leaves (accounts) beneath it.
  • An OU can have exactly one parent, and currently, each account can be a member of exactly one OU.

Account

  • A standard AWS account that contains AWS resources.
  • Each account can be directly in the root or placed in one of the OUs in the hierarchy.
  • Policy can be attached to an account to apply controls to only that one account.
  • Accounts can be organized in a hierarchical, tree-like structure with a root at the top and organizational units nested under the root.
  • Master or Management account
    • Primary account which creates the organization
    • can create new accounts in the organization, invite existing accounts, remove accounts, manage invitations, and apply policies to entities within the organization.
    • has the responsibilities of a payer account and is responsible for paying all charges that are accrued by the member accounts.
  • Member account
    • Rest of the accounts within the organization are member accounts.
    • An account can be a member of only one organization at a time.

Invitation

  • Process of asking another account to join an organization.
  • An invitation can be issued only by the organization’s management account and is extended to either the account ID or the email address that is associated with the invited account.
  • Invited account becomes a member account in the organization after it accepts the invitation.
  • Invitations can be sent to existing member accounts as well, to approve the change from supporting only consolidated billing features to supporting all features.
  • Invitations work by accounts exchanging handshakes.

Handshake

  • A multi-step process of exchanging information between two parties.
  • Primary use in AWS Organizations is to serve as the underlying implementation for invitations.
  • Handshake messages are passed between and responded to by the handshake initiator (management account) and the recipient (member account) in such a way that it ensures that both parties always know what the current status is.

Available Feature Sets

Consolidated billing

  • provides shared or consolidated billing functionality which includes pricing benefits for aggregated usage.

All Features

  • includes all the functionality of consolidated billing and advanced features that give more control over accounts in the organization.
  • allows the management account to have full control over what member accounts can do.
  • invited accounts must approve enabling all features
  • The Management account can apply SCPs to restrict the services and actions that users (including the root user) and roles in an account can access, and it can prevent member accounts from leaving the organization
  • Member accounts can’t switch from All features to Consolidated Billing only mode.

Service Control Policies – SCPs

  • Service Control Policies specify the services and actions that users and roles can use in the accounts that the SCP affects.
  • SCPs are similar to IAM permission policies except that they don’t grant any permissions.
  • SCPs are filters that allow only the specified services and actions to be used in affected accounts.
  • SCPs override the IAM permission policy. So even if a user is granted full administrator permissions with an IAM permission policy, any access that is not explicitly allowed or that is explicitly denied by the SCPs affecting that account is blocked. for e.g., if you assign an SCP that allows only database service access to your “database” account, then any user, group, or role in that account is denied access to any other service’s operations.
  • SCP can be attached to
    • A root, which affects all accounts in the organization
    • An OU, which affects all accounts in that OU and all accounts in any OUs in that OU subtree
    • An individual account
  • Organization’s Management account is not affected by any SCPs that are attached either to it or to any root or OU the master account might be in.

Whitelisting vs. Blacklisting

  • Whitelisting and blacklisting are complementary techniques used to apply SCPs to filter the permissions available to accounts.
  • Whitelisting
    • Explicitly specify the access that is allowed.
    • All other access is implicitly blocked or denied.
    • By default, all permissions are whitelisted.
    • AWS Organizations attaches an AWS-managed policy called FullAWSAccess to all roots, OUs, and accounts, which ensures the building of the organizations.
    • For restricting permissions, replace the FullAWSAccess policy with one that allows only the more limited, desired set of permissions.
    • Users and roles in the affected accounts can then exercise only that level of access, even if their IAM policies allow all actions.
    • If you replace the default policy on the root, all accounts in the organization are affected by the restrictions.
    • You can’t add them back at a lower level in the hierarchy because an SCP never grants permissions; it only filters them.
  • Blacklisting
    • The default behavior of AWS Organizations.
    • Explicitly specify the access that is not allowed.
    • Explicit deny of a service action overrides any allow of that action.
    • All other permissions are allowed unless explicitly blocked
    • By default, AWS Organizations attach an AWS-managed policy called FullAWSAccess to all roots, OUs, and accounts. This allows any account to access any service or operation with no AWS Organizations–imposed restrictions.
    • With blacklisting, additional policies are attached that explicitly deny access to the unwanted services and actions

AWS Certification Exam Practice Questions

  • Questions are collected from Internet and the answers are marked as per my knowledge and understanding (which might differ with yours).
  • AWS services are updated everyday and both the answers and questions might be outdated soon, so research accordingly.
  • AWS exam questions are not updated to keep up the pace with AWS updates, so even if the underlying feature has changed the question might not be updated
  • Open to further feedback, discussion and correction.
  • Questions are collected from Internet and the answers are marked as per my knowledge and understanding (which might differ with yours).
  • AWS services are updated everyday and both the answers and questions might be outdated soon, so research accordingly.
  • AWS exam questions are not updated to keep up the pace with AWS updates, so even if the underlying feature has changed the question might not be updated
  • Open to further feedback, discussion and correction.
  1. An organization that is currently using consolidated billing has recently acquired another company that already has a number of AWS accounts. How could an Administrator ensure that all AWS accounts, from both the existing company and the acquired company, are billed to a single account?
    1. Merge the two companies, AWS accounts by going to the AWS console and selecting the “Merge accounts” option.
    2. Invite the acquired company’s AWS account to join the existing company’s organization using AWS Organizations.
    3. Migrate all AWS resources from the acquired company’s AWS account to the master payer account of the existing company.
    4. Create a new AWS account and set it up as the master payer. Move the AWS resources from both the existing and acquired companies’ AWS accounts to the new account.
  2. Which of the following are the benefits of AWS Organizations? Choose the 2 correct answers:
    1. Centrally manage access polices across multiple AWS accounts.
    2. Automate AWS account creation and management.
    3. Analyze cost across all multiple AWS accounts.
    4. Provide technical help (by AWS) for issues in your AWS account.
  3. A company has several departments with separate AWS accounts. Which feature would allow the company to enable consolidate billing?
    1. AWS Inspector
    2. AWS Shield
    3. AWS Organizations
    4. AWS Lightsail

References

AWS Identity Services Cheat Sheet

~ Last updated on : ~ jayendrapatil

AWS Identity Services Cheat Sheet

AWS Identity and Security Services

IAM – Identity & Access Management

  • securely control access to AWS services and resources
  • helps create and manage user identities and grant permissions for those users to access AWS resources
  • helps create groups for multiple users with similar permissions
  • not appropriate for application authentication
  • is Global and does not need to be migrated to a different region
  • helps define Policies,
    • in JSON format
    • all permissions are implicitly denied by default
    • most restrictive policy wins
  • IAM Role
    • helps grants and delegate access to users and services without the need of creating permanent credentials
    • IAM users or AWS services can assume a role to obtain temporary security credentials that can be used to make AWS API calls
    • needs Trust policy to define who and Permission policy to define what the user or service can access
    • used with Security Token Service (STS), a lightweight web service that provides temporary, limited privilege credentials for IAM users or for authenticated federated users
    • IAM role scenarios
      • Service access for e.g. EC2 to access S3 or DynamoDB
      • Cross Account access for users
        • with user within the same account
        • with user within an AWS account owned the same owner
        • with user from a Third Party AWS account with External ID for enhanced security
      • Identity Providers & Federation
        • AssumeRoleWithWebIdentity – Web Identity Federation, where the user can be authenticated using external authentication Identity providers like Amazon, Google or any OpenId IdP
        • AssumeRoleWithSAML – Identity Provider using SAML 2.0, where the user can be authenticated using on premises Active Directory, Open Ldap or any SAML 2.0 compliant IdP
        • AssumeRole (recommended) or GetFederationToken – For other Identity Providers, use Identity Broker to authenticate and provide temporary Credentials
  • IAM Best Practices
    • Do not use Root account for anything other than billing
    • Create Individual IAM users
    • Use groups to assign permissions to IAM users
    • Grant least privilege
    • Use IAM roles for applications on EC2
    • Delegate using roles instead of sharing credentials
    • Rotate credentials regularly
    • Use Policy conditions for increased granularity
    • Use CloudTrail to keep a history of activity
    • Enforce a strong IAM password policy for IAM users
    • Remove all unused users and credentials

AWS Organizations

  • is an account management service that enables consolidating multiple AWS accounts into an organization that can be centrally managed.
  • include consolidated billing and account management capabilities that enable one to better meet the budgetary, security, and compliance needs of your business.
  • As an administrator of an organization, new accounts can be created in an organization and invite existing accounts to join the organization.
  • enables you to
    • Automate AWS account creation and management, and provision resources with AWS CloudFormation Stacksets.
    • Maintain a secure environment with policies and management of AWS security services
    • Govern access to AWS services, resources, and regions
    • Centrally manage policies across multiple AWS accounts
    • Audit your environment for compliance 
    • View and manage costs with consolidated billing 
    • Configure AWS services across multiple accounts 
  • supports Service Control Policies – SCPs
  • offer central control over the maximum available permissions for all of the accounts in your organization, ensuring member accounts stay within the organization’s access control guidelines.
  • are one type of policy that help manage the organization.
  • are available only in an organization that has all features enabled, and aren’t available if the organization has enabled only the consolidated billing features.
  • are NOT sufficient for granting access to the accounts in the organization.
  • defines a guardrail for what actions accounts within the organization root or OU can do, but IAM policies need to be attached to the users and roles in the organization’s accounts to grant permissions to them.
  • Effective permissions are the logical intersection between what is allowed by the SCP and what is allowed by the IAM and resource-based policies.
  • with an SCP attached to member accounts, identity-based and resource-based policies grant permissions to entities only if those policies and the SCP allow the action
  • don’t affect users or roles in the management account. They affect only the member accounts in your organization.

AWS Directory Services

  • gives applications in AWS access to Active Directory services
  • different from SAML + AD, where the access is granted to AWS services through Temporary Credentials
  • Simple AD
    • least expensive but does not support Microsoft AD advanced features
    • provides a Samba 4 Microsoft Active Directory compatible standalone directory service on AWS
    • No single point of Authentication or Authorization, as a separate copy is maintained
    • trust relationships cannot be setup between Simple AD and other Active Directory domains
    • Don’t use it, if the requirement is to leverage access and control through centralized authentication service
  • AD Connector
    • acts just as an hosted proxy service for instances in AWS to connect to on-premises Active Directory
    • enables consistent enforcement of existing security policies, such as password expiration, password history, and account lockouts, whether users are accessing resources on-premises or in the AWS cloud
    • needs VPN connectivity (or Direct Connect)
    • integrates with existing RADIUS-based MFA solutions to enabled multi-factor authentication
    • does not cache data which might lead to latency
  • Read-only Domain Controllers (RODCs)
    • works out as a Read-only Active Directory
    • holds a copy of the Active Directory Domain Service (AD DS) database and respond to authentication requests
    • they cannot be written to and are typically deployed in locations where physical security cannot be guaranteed
    • helps maintain a single point to authentication & authorization controls, however needs to be synced
  • Writable Domain Controllers
    • are expensive to setup
    • operate in a multi-master model; changes can be made on any writable server in the forest, and those changes are replicated to servers throughout the entire forest

AWS Single Sign-On SSO

  • is a cloud-based single sign-on (SSO) service that makes it easy to centrally manage SSO access to all of the AWS accounts and cloud applications.
  • helps manage access and permissions to commonly used third-party software as a service (SaaS) applications, AWS SSO-integrated applications as well as custom applications that support SAML 2.0.
  • includes a user portal where the end-users can find and access all their assigned AWS accounts, cloud applications, and custom applications in one place.

Amazon Cognito

  • Amazon Cognito provides authentication, authorization, and user management for the web and mobile apps.
  • Users can sign in directly with a username and password, or through a third party such as Facebook, Amazon, Google, or Apple.
  • Cognito has two main components.
    • User pools are user directories that provide sign-up and sign-in options for the app users.
    • Identity pools enable you to grant the users access to other AWS services.
  • Cognito Sync helps synchronize data across a user’s devices so that their app experience remains consistent when they switch between devices or upgrade to a new device.