Opsworks

AWS OpsWorks Deployment Strategies – Certification

~ Last updated on : ~ jayendrapatil ~ 2 Comments

AWS OpsWorks Deployment Strategies

NOTE: Advanced Topic required for DevOps Professional Exam Only

All at Once Deployment

  • OpsWorks Stacks does not automatically deploy updated code to online instances, and needs to be done manually
  • Deploy command (for apps) or Update Custom Cookbooks command (for cookbooks) helps deploy the update to every instance concurrently
  • Approach is simple and fast, but leads to a downtime incase of error
  • OpsWorks allows rollback to restore previously deployed app version
  • By default, AWS OpsWorks Stacks stores the five most recent deployments, which allows you to roll back up to four versions

Rolling Deployment

  • A rolling deployment updates an application on a stack’s online application server instances in multiple phases.
  • With each phase, a subset of the online instances can be updated and verified to be successful before starting the next phase.
  • In case of any issues, the instances running the old app version can continue to handle incoming traffic until the issues are resolved.
  • Steps to perform Rolling deployment
    • Deploy the app on a single application server instance.
    • The instance can be deregistered from the load balancer, to prevent it from serving traffic
    • Verify the app is working fine
    • Deploy the update on the remainder of instances

Blue Green Deployment

  • Blue Green deployment can be achieved using separate stack for each phase of the application’s lifecycle.
  • Different stacks are sometimes referred to as environments like development, staging, production etc.
    • Blue environment is the production stack, which hosts the current application.
    • Green environment is the staging stack, which hosts the updated application.
  • Development and testing can be performed on stacks, which are not publicly accessible, and when ready the traffic can be switched.
  • Steps for Blue Green deployment with OpsWorks Stacks stacks, in conjunction with Route 53 and a pool of ELB load balancers
    • Attach unused ELB from the pool to the green stack’s application server layer
    • After all of the green stack’s instances have passed the ELB health check, the weights in Route 53 can be changed to route traffic gradually from Blue to Green stack.
    • Once the Green stack works fines and is ready to handle all traffic
    • Detach the load balancer from the old blue stack’s application server layer and return it to the pool
    • Blue stack can be retained for some time, so that if any issues the update can be rolled back by reversing the procedure to direct incoming traffic back to the old blue stack
OpsWorks Blue Green Deployment

AWS Certification Exam Practice Questions

  • Questions are collected from Internet and the answers are marked as per my knowledge and understanding (which might differ with yours).
  • AWS services are updated everyday and both the answers and questions might be outdated soon, so research accordingly.
  • AWS exam questions are not updated to keep up the pace with AWS updates, so even if the underlying feature has changed the question might not be updated
  • Open to further feedback, discussion and correction.
  1. You company runs a complex customer relations management system that consists of around 10 different software components all backed by the same Amazon Relational Database (RDS) database. You adopted AWS OpsWorks to simplify management and deployment of that application and created an AWS OpsWorks stack with layers for each of the individual components. An internal security policy requires that all instances should run on the latest Amazon Linux AMI and that instances must be replaced within one month after the latest Amazon Linux AMI has been released. AMI replacements should be done without incurring application downtime or capacity problems. You decide to write a script to be run as soon as a new Amazon Linux AMI is released. Which solutions support the security policy and meet your requirements? Choose 2 answers
    1. Assign a custom recipe to each layer, which replaces the underlying AMI. Use AWS OpsWorks life-cycle events to incrementally execute this custom recipe and update the instances with the new AMI. (AMI cannot be updated using recipes)
    2. Create a new stack and layers with identical configuration, add instances with the latest Amazon Linux AMI specified as a custom AMI to the new layer, switch DNS to the new stack, and tear down the old stack. (Blue-Green Deployment)
    3. Identify all Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instances of your AWS OpsWorks stack, stop each instance, replace the AMI ID property with the ID of the latest Amazon Linux AMI ID, and restart the instance. To avoid downtime, make sure not more than one instance is stopped at the same time. (Instances cannot be updated by updating the AMI id and needs to be launched anew)
    4. Specify the latest Amazon Linux AMI as a custom AMI at the stack level, terminate instances of the stack and let AWS OpsWorks launch new instances with the new AMI. (Would result in downtime)
    5. Add new instances with the latest Amazon Linux AMI specified as a custom AMI to all AWS OpsWorks layers of your stack, and terminate the old ones. (Disposable Rolling deployment)
  2. A company has developed a Ruby on Rails content management platform. Currently, OpsWorks with several stacks for dev, staging, and production is being used to deploy and manage the application. Now the company wants to start using Python instead of Ruby. How should the company manage the new deployment?
    1. Update the existing stack with Python application code and deploy the application using the deploy life-cycle action to implement the application code.
    2. Create a new stack that contains a new layer with the Python code. To cut over to the new stack the company should consider using Blue/Green deployment
    3. Create a new stack that contains the Python application code and manage separate deployments of the application via the secondary stack using the deploy lifecycle action to implement the application code.
    4. Create a new stack that contains the Python application code and manages separate deployments of the application via the secondary stack

References

OpsWorks Deployment Best Practices

AWS Management Tools Cheat Sheet

~ Last updated on : ~ jayendrapatil ~ 7 Comments

AWS Organizations

  • AWS Organizations is an account management service that enables consolidating multiple AWS accounts into an organization that can be created and centrally managed.
  • AWS Organizations enables you to
    • Automate AWS account creation and management, and provision resources with AWS CloudFormation Stacksets
    • Maintain a secure environment with policies and management of AWS security services
    • Govern access to AWS services, resources, and regions
    • Centrally manage policies across multiple AWS accounts
    • Audit your environment for compliance
    • View and manage costs with consolidated billing
    • Configure AWS services across multiple accounts

CloudFormation

  • gives developers and systems administrators an easy way to create and manage a collection of related AWS resources
  • Resources can be updated, deleted, and modified in an orderly, controlled and predictable fashion, in effect applying version control to the AWS infrastructure as code done for software code
  • CloudFormation Template is an architectural diagram, in JSON format, and Stack is the end result of that diagram, which is actually provisioned
  • template can be used to set up the resources consistently and repeatedly over and over across multiple regions and consists of
    • List of AWS resources and their configuration values
    • An optional template file format version number
    • An optional list of template parameters (input values supplied at stack creation time)
    • An optional list of output values like public IP address using the Fn::GetAtt function
    • An optional list of data tables used to lookup static configuration values for e.g., AMI names per AZ
  • supports Chef & Puppet Integration to deploy and configure right down the application layer
  • supports Bootstrap scripts to install packages, files, and services on the EC2 instances by simply describing them in the CF template
  • automatic rollback on error feature is enabled, by default, which will cause all the AWS resources that CF created successfully for a stack up to the point where an error occurred to be deleted
  • provides a WaitCondition resource to block the creation of other resources until a completion signal is received from an external source
  • allows DeletionPolicy attribute to be defined for resources in the template
    • retain to preserve resources like S3 even after stack deletion
    • snapshot to backup resources like RDS after stack deletion
  • DependsOn attribute to specify that the creation of a specific resource follows another
  • Service role is an IAM role that allows AWS CloudFormation to make calls to resources in a stack on the user’s behalf
  • Nested stacks can separate out reusable, common components and create dedicated templates to mix and match different templates but use nested stacks to create a single, unified stack
  • Change Sets presents a summary or preview of the proposed changes that CloudFormation will make when a stack is updated
  • Drift detection enables you to detect whether a stack’s actual configuration differs, or has drifted, from its expected configuration.
  • Termination protection helps prevent a stack from being accidentally deleted.
  • Stack policy can prevent stack resources from being unintentionally updated or deleted during a stack update.
  • StackSets extends the functionality of stacks by enabling you to create, update, or delete stacks across multiple accounts and Regions with a single operation.

Elastic BeanStalk

  • makes it easier for developers to quickly deploy and manage applications in the AWS cloud.
  • automatically handles the deployment details of capacity provisioning, load balancing, auto-scaling and application health monitoring
  • CloudFormation supports ElasticBeanstalk
  • provisions resources to support
    • a web application that handles HTTP(S) requests or
    • a web application that handles background-processing (worker) tasks
  • supports Out Of the Box
    • Apache Tomcat for Java applications
    • Apache HTTP Server for PHP applications
    • Apache HTTP server for Python applications
    • Nginx or Apache HTTP Server for Node.js applications
    • Passenger for Ruby applications
    • MicroSoft IIS 7.5 for .Net applications
    • Single and Multi Container Docker
  • supports custom AMI to be used
  • is designed to support multiple running environments such as one for Dev, QA, Pre-Prod and Production.
  • supports versioning and stores and tracks application versions over time allowing easy rollback to prior version
  • can provision RDS DB instance and connectivity information is exposed to the application by environment variables, but is NOT recommended for production setup as the RDS is tied up with the Elastic Beanstalk lifecycle and if deleted, the RDS instance would be deleted as well

OpsWorks

  • is a configuration management service that helps to configure and operate applications in a cloud enterprise by using Chef
  • helps deploy and monitor applications in stacks with multiple layers
  • supports preconfigured layers for Applications, Databases, Load Balancers, Caching
  • OpsWorks Stacks features is a set of lifecycle events – Setup, Configure, Deploy, Undeploy, and Shutdown – which automatically runs specified set of recipes at the appropriate time on each instance
  • Layers depend on Chef recipes to handle tasks such as installing packages on instances, deploying apps, running scripts, and so on
  • OpsWorks Stacks runs the recipes for each layer, even if the instance belongs to multiple layers
  • supports Auto Healing and Auto Scaling to monitor instance health, and provision new instances

CloudWatch

  • allows monitoring of AWS resources and applications in real time, collect and track pre configured or custom metrics and configure alarms to send notification or make resource changes based on defined rules
  • does not aggregate data across regions
  • stores the log data indefinitely, and the retention can be changed for each log group at any time
  • alarm history is stored for only 14 days
  • can be used an alternative to S3 to store logs with the ability to configure Alarms and generate metrics, however logs cannot be made public
  • Alarms exist only in the created region and the Alarm actions must reside in the same region as well

CloudTrail

  • records access to API calls for the AWS account made from AWS management console, SDKs, CLI and higher level AWS service
  • support many AWS services and tracks who did, from where, what & when
  • can be enabled per-region basis, a region can include global services (like IAM, STS etc), is applicable to all the supported services within that region
  • log files from different regions can be sent to the same S3 bucket
  • can be integrated with SNS to notify logs availability, CloudWatch logs log group for notifications when specific API events occur
  • call history enables security analysis, resource change tracking, trouble shooting and compliance auditing

AWS Elastic Beanstalk vs OpsWorks vs CloudFormation – Certification

~ Last updated on : ~ jayendrapatil ~ 14 Comments

AWS Elastic Beanstalk vs OpsWorks vs CloudFormation

AWS offers multiple options for provisioning IT infrastructure and application deployment and management varying from convenience & easy of setup with low level granular control
Deployment and Management - Elastic Beanstalk vs OpsWorks vs CloudFormation

AWS Elastic Beanstalk

  • AWS Elastic Beanstalk is a higher level service which allows you to quickly deploy out with minimum management effort a web or worker based environments using EC2, Docker using ECS, Elastic Load Balancing, Auto Scaling, RDS, CloudWatch etc.
  • Elastic Beanstalk is the fastest and simplest way to get an application up and running on AWS and perfect for developers who want to deploy code and not worry about underlying infrastructure
  • Elastic Beanstalk provides an environment to easily deploy and run applications in the cloud. It is integrated with developer tools and provides a one-stop experience for application lifecycle management
  • Elastic Beanstalk requires minimal configuration points and will help deploy, monitor and handle the elasticity/scalability of the application
  • A user does’t need to do much more than write application code and configure and define some configuration on Elastic Beanstalk

AWS OpsWorks

  • AWS OpsWorks is an application management service that simplifies software configuration, application deployment, scaling, and monitoring
  • OpsWorks is recommended if you want to manage your infrastructure with a configuration management system such as Chef.
  • Opsworks enables writing custom chef recipes, utilizes self healing, and works with layers
  • Although, Opsworks is deployment management service that helps you deploy applications with Chef recipes, but it is not primally meant to manage the scaling of the application out of the box, and needs to be handled explicitly

AWS CloudFormation

  • AWS CloudFormation enables modeling, provisioning and version-controlling of a wide range of AWS resources ranging from a single EC2 instance to a complex multi-tier, multi-region application
  • CloudFormation is a low level service and provides granular control to provision and manage stacks of AWS resources based on templates
  • CloudFormation templates enables version control of the infrastructure and makes deployment of environments easy and repeatable
  • CloudFormation supports infrastructure needs of many different types of applications such as existing enterprise applications, legacy applications, applications built using a variety of AWS resources and container-based solutions (including those built using AWS Elastic Beanstalk).
  • CloudFormation is not just an application deployment tool but can provision any kind of AWS resource
  • CloudFormation is designed to complement both Elastic Beanstalk and OpsWorks
  • CloudFormation with Elastic Beanstalk
    • CloudFormation supports Elastic Beanstalk application environments as one of the AWS resource types.
    • This allows you, for example, to create and manage an AWS Elastic Beanstalk–hosted application along with an RDS database to store the application data. In addition to RDS instances, any other supported AWS resource can be added to the group as well.
  • CloudFormation with OpsWorks
    • CloudFormation also supports OpsWorks and OpsWorks components (stacks, layers, instances, and applications) can be modeled inside CloudFormation templates, and provisioned as CloudFormation stacks.
    • This enables you to document, version control, and share your OpsWorks configuration.
    • Unified CloudFormation template or separate CloudFormation templates can be created to provision OpsWorks components and other related AWS resources such as VPC and Elastic Load Balancer

AWS Certification Exam Practice Questions

  • Questions are collected from Internet and the answers are marked as per my knowledge and understanding (which might differ with yours).
  • AWS services are updated everyday and both the answers and questions might be outdated soon, so research accordingly.
  • AWS exam questions are not updated to keep up the pace with AWS updates, so even if the underlying feature has changed the question might not be updated
  • Open to further feedback, discussion and correction.
  1. Your team is excited about the use of AWS because now they have access to programmable infrastructure. You have been asked to manage your AWS infrastructure in a manner similar to the way you might manage application code. You want to be able to deploy exact copies of different versions of your infrastructure, stage changes into different environments, revert back to previous versions, and identify what versions are running at any particular time (development test QA. production). Which approach addresses this requirement?
    1. Use cost allocation reports and AWS Opsworks to deploy and manage your infrastructure.
    2. Use AWS CloudWatch metrics and alerts along with resource tagging to deploy and manage your infrastructure.
    3. Use AWS Elastic Beanstalk and a version control system like GIT to deploy and manage your infrastructure.
    4. Use AWS CloudFormation and a version control system like GIT to deploy and manage your infrastructure.
  2. An organization is planning to use AWS for their production roll out. The organization wants to implement automation for deployment such that it will automatically create a LAMP stack, download the latest PHP installable from S3 and setup the ELB. Which of the below mentioned AWS services meets the requirement for making an orderly deployment of the software?
    1. AWS Elastic Beanstalk
    2. AWS CloudFront
    3. AWS CloudFormation
    4. AWS DevOps
  3. You are working with a customer who is using Chef configuration management in their data center. Which service is designed to let the customer leverage existing Chef recipes in AWS?
    1. Amazon Simple Workflow Service
    2. AWS Elastic Beanstalk
    3. AWS CloudFormation
    4. AWS OpsWorks

References

AWS OpsWorks – Certification

~ Last updated on : ~ jayendrapatil ~ 3 Comments

AWS OpsWorks

  • AWS OpsWorks is a configuration management service that helps to configure and operate applications in a cloud enterprise by using Chef
  • OpsWorks Stacks and AWS OpsWorks for Chef Automate allows using Chef cookbooks and solutions for configuration management

OpsWorks Stacks

AWS OpsWorks Stacks

  • OpsWorks Stacks provides a simple and flexible way to create and manage stacks, groups of AWS resources like load balancers, web, application and database servers, and application deployed on them
  • OpsWorks Stacks helps deploy and monitor applications in the stacks.
  • Unlike OpsWorks for Chef Automate, OpsWorks Stacks does not require or create Chef servers; and performs some of the work of a Chef server itself
  • OpsWorks Stacks monitors instance health, and provisions new instances, when necessary, by using Auto Healing and Auto Scaling
  • OpsWorks Stacks integrates with IAM to control how users can interact with stacks, what stacks can do on the users behalf, what AWS resources an app can access etc
  • OpsWorks Stacks integrates with CloudWatch and CloudTrail to enable monitoring and logging
  • OpsWorks Stacks can be accessed globally and can be used to create and manage instances globally

Stacks

  • Stack is the core AWS OpsWorks Stacks component.
  • Stack is a container for AWS resources like EC2, RDS instances etc that have a common purpose and should be logically managed together
  • Stack helps manage the resources as a group and also defines some default configuration settings, such as the instances’ OS and AWS region
  • Stacks can also be run in VPC to be isolated from direct user interaction
  • Separate Stacks can be created for different environments like Dev, QA etc

Layers

  • Stacks help manage cloud resources in specialized groups called layers.
  • A layer represents a set of EC2 instances that serve a particular purpose, such as serving applications or hosting a database server.
  • Layers depend on Chef recipes to handle tasks such as installing packages on instances, deploying apps, and running scripts
  • Custom recipes and related files is packaged in one or more cookbooks and stored in a cookbook repository such S3 or Git

Recipes and LifeCycle Events

  • Layers depend on Chef recipes to handle tasks such as installing packages on instances, deploying apps, running scripts, and so on.
  • OpsWorks Stacks runs the recipes for each layer, even if the instance belongs to multiple layers for e.g. instance hosting both the application and the mysql server
  • AWS OpsWorks Stacks features is a set of lifecycle events – Setup, Configure, Deploy, Undeploy, and Shutdown – which automatically runs specified set of recipes at the appropriate time on each instance
    • Setup
      • Once a new instance has booted, OpsWorks triggers the Setup event, which runs recipes to set up the instance according to the layer configuration for e.g. installation of apache, PHP packages
      • Once setup is complete, AWS OpsWorks triggers a Deploy event, which runs recipes to deploy your application to the new instance.
    • Configure
      • Whenever an instance enters or leaves the online state, AWS OpsWorks triggers a Configure event on all instances in the stack.
      • Event runs each layer’s configure recipes to update configuration to reflect the current set of online instances for e.g. the HAProxy layer’s Configure recipes can modify the load balancer configuration to reflect any added or removed application server instances.
    • Deploy
      • OpsWorks triggers a Deploy event when the Deploy command is executed, to deploy the application to a set of application servers.
      • Event runs recipes on the application servers to deploy application and any related files from its repository to the layer’s instances.
    • Undeploy
      • OpsWorks triggers an Undeploy event when an app is deleted or  Undeploy command is executed to remove an app from a set of application servers.
      • Event runs recipes to remove all application versions and perform any additional cleanup tasks.
    • Shutdown
      • OpsWorks triggers a Shutdown event when an instance is being shut down, but before the underlying EC2 instance is actually terminated.
      • Event runs recipes to perform cleanup tasks such as shutting down services.
      • OpsWorks allows Shutdown recipes a configurable amount of time to perform their tasks, and then terminates the instance.

Instance

  • An instance represents a single computing resource for e.g. EC2 instance and it defines resource’s basic configuration, such as OS and size
  • OpsWorks Stacks create instances and adds them to a layer.
  • When the instance is started, OpsWorks Stacks launches an EC2 instance using the configuration settings specified by the instance and its layer.
  • After the EC2 instance has finished booting, OpsWorks Stacks installs an agent that handles communication between the instance and the service and runs the appropriate recipes in response to lifecycle events
  • OpsWorks Stacks supports instance auto-healing, whereby if an agent stops communicating with the service, OpsWorks Stacks automatically stops and restarts the instance
  • OpsWorks Stacks supports the following instance types
    • 24/7 instances – launched and stopped manually
    • Time based instances – run on scheduled time
    • Load based instances – automatically started and stopped based on configurable load metrics
  • Linux based computing resources created outside of the OpsWorks stacks for e.g. console or CLI can be added, incorporated and controlled through OpsWorks

Apps

  • An AWS OpsWorks Stacks app represents code that you want to run on an application server residing in the app repository like S3
  • App contains the information required to deploy the code to the appropriate application server instances.
  • When you deploy an app, AWS OpsWorks Stacks triggers a Deploy event, which runs the Deploy recipes on the stack’s instances.
  • OpsWorks supports the ability to deploy multiple apps per stack and per layer

OpsWorks Deployment Strategies

Refer to OpsWorks Deployment Strategies blog post for details

AWS Certification Exam Practice Questions

  • Questions are collected from Internet and the answers are marked as per my knowledge and understanding (which might differ with yours).
  • AWS services are updated everyday and both the answers and questions might be outdated soon, so research accordingly.
  • AWS exam questions are not updated to keep up the pace with AWS updates, so even if the underlying feature has changed the question might not be updated
  • Open to further feedback, discussion and correction.
  1. You are working with a customer who is using Chef configuration management in their data center. Which service is designed to let the customer leverage existing Chef recipes in AWS?
    1. Amazon Simple Workflow Service
    2. AWS Elastic Beanstalk
    3. AWS CloudFormation
    4. AWS OpsWorks
  2. Your mission is to create a lights-out datacenter environment, and you plan to use AWS OpsWorks to accomplish this. First you created a stack and added an App Server layer with an instance running in it. Next you added an application to the instance, and now you need to deploy a MySQL RDS database instance. Which of the following answers accurately describe how to add a backend database server to an OpsWorks stack? Choose 3 answers
    1. Add a new database layer and then add recipes to the deploy actions of the database and App Server layers. (Refer link)
    2. Use OpsWorks’ “Clone Stack” feature to create a second RDS stack in another Availability Zone for redundancy in the event of a failure in the Primary AZ. To switch to the secondary RDS instance, set the [:database] attributes to values that are appropriate for your server which you can do by using custom JSON.
    3. The variables that characterize the RDS database connection—host, user, and so on—are set using the corresponding values from the deploy JSON’s [:deploy][:app_name][:database] attributes. (Refer link)
    4. Cookbook attributes are stored in a repository, so OpsWorks requires that the “password”: “your_password” attribute for the RDS instance must be encrypted using at least a 256-bit key.
    5. Set up the connection between the app server and the RDS layer by using a custom recipe. The recipe configures the app server as required, typically by creating a configuration file. The recipe gets the connection data such as the host and database name from a set of attributes in the stack configuration and deployment JSON that AWS OpsWorks installs on every instance. (Refer link)
  3. You are tasked with the migration of a highly trafficked node.js application to AWS. In order to comply with organizational standards Chef recipes must be used to configure the application servers that host this application and to support application lifecycle events. Which deployment option meets these requirements while minimizing administrative burden?
    1. Create a new stack within Opsworks add the appropriate layers to the stack and deploy the application
    2. Create a new application within Elastic Beanstalk and deploy this application to a new environment (need to comply with chef recipes)
    3. Launch a Node JS server from a community AMI and manually deploy the application to the launched EC2 instance
    4. Launch and configure Chef Server on an EC2 instance and leverage the AWS CLI to launch application servers and configure those instances using Chef.
  4. A web-startup runs its very successful social news application on Amazon EC2 with an Elastic Load Balancer, an Auto-Scaling group of Java/Tomcat application-servers, and DynamoDB as data store. The main web application best runs on m2.xlarge instances since it is highly memory- bound. Each new deployment requires semi-automated creation and testing of a new AMI for the application servers which takes quite a while and is therefore only done once per week. Recently, a new chat feature has been implemented in node.js and waits to be integrated in the architecture. First tests show that the new component is CPU bound Because the company has some experience with using Chef, they decided to streamline the deployment process and use AWS OpsWorks as an application life cycle tool to simplify management of the application and reduce the deployment cycles. What configuration in AWS OpsWorks is necessary to integrate the new chat module in the most cost-efficient and flexible way?
    1. Create one AWS Ops Works stack, create one AWS Ops Works layer, create one custom recipe
    2. Create one AWS Ops Works stack, create two AWS Ops Works layers create one custom recipe (Single environment stack, two layers for java and node.js application using built-in recipes and custom recipe for DynamoDB connectivity only as other configuration. Refer link)
    3. Create two AWS Ops Works stacks, create two AWS Ops Works layers create one custom recipe
    4. Create two AWS Ops Works stacks, create two AWS Ops Works layers create two custom recipe
  5. You company runs a complex customer relations management system that consists of around 10 different software components all backed by the same Amazon Relational Database (RDS) database. You adopted AWS OpsWorks to simplify management and deployment of that application and created an AWS OpsWorks stack with layers for each of the individual components. An internal security policy requires that all instances should run on the latest Amazon Linux AMI and that instances must be replaced within one month after the latest Amazon Linux AMI has been released. AMI replacements should be done without incurring application downtime or capacity problems. You decide to write a script to be run as soon as a new Amazon Linux AMI is released. Which solutions support the security policy and meet your requirements? Choose 2 answers
    1. Assign a custom recipe to each layer, which replaces the underlying AMI. Use AWS OpsWorks life-cycle events to incrementally execute this custom recipe and update the instances with the new AMI.
    2. Create a new stack and layers with identical configuration, add instances with the latest Amazon Linux AMI specified as a custom AMI to the new layer, switch DNS to the new stack, and tear down the old stack. (Blue-Green Deployment)
    3. Identify all Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instances of your AWS OpsWorks stack, stop each instance, replace the AMI ID property with the ID of the latest Amazon Linux AMI ID, and restart the instance. To avoid downtime, make sure not more than one instance is stopped at the same time.
    4. Specify the latest Amazon Linux AMI as a custom AMI at the stack level, terminate instances of the stack and let AWS OpsWorks launch new instances with the new AMI. (Will lead to downtime)
    5. Add new instances with the latest Amazon Linux AMI specified as a custom AMI to all AWS OpsWorks layers of your stack, and terminate the old ones.
  6. When thinking of AWS OpsWorks, which of the following is not an instance type you can allocate in a stack layer?
    1. 24/7 instances (24/7 instances are supported and started manually and run until you stop them)
    2. Spot instances (Does not support spot instance directly but can be used with auto scaling Refer link)
    3. Time-based instances (Time-based instances are run by AWS OpsWorks on a specified daily and weekly schedule)
    4. Load-based instances (Load-based instances are automatically started and stopped by AWS OpsWorks, based on specified load metrics, such as CPU utilization)
  7. Which of the following tools does not directly support AWS OpsWorks, for monitoring your stacks?
    1. AWS Config (Refer link)
    2. Amazon CloudWatch Metrics (AWS OpsWorks uses CloudWatch to provide thirteen custom metrics with detailed monitoring for each instance in the stack)
    3. AWS CloudTrail (AWS OpsWorks integrates with CloudTrail to log every AWS OpsWorks API call and store the data in an S3 bucket)
    4. Amazon CloudWatch Logs (You can use Amazon CloudWatch Logs to monitor your stack’s system, application, and custom logs.)
  8. When thinking of AWS OpsWorks, which of the following is true?
    1. Stacks have many layers, layers have many instances.
    2. Instances have many stacks, stacks have many layers.
    3. Layers have many stacks, stacks have many instances.
    4. Layers have many instances, instances have many stacks.

References